The development of human society is closely related to fibers, from the natural fibers of primitive society to the chemical fibers of industrial society, to the intelligent society represented by the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and other innovative technologies - hellip; & hellip; and now the development of fibers is entering a new era - mdash; & mdash; intelligent fibers.
So what is smart fiber? Intelligent fiber refers to the fiber that can sense (external or internal environment changes), process information and respond. It is essentially an application extension of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence in the textile industry. It is based on its application that traditional fibers have life and intelligence.
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Nbsp; & copy; photographic network
1. Domestic and Foreign Support Plans
As early as 2005, France built Up-tex, the technological innovation base for new fibre materials and industrial textiles, in the second most developed technological textile production agglomeration area of Lille in the north of China. It is committed to the innovation and production of smart fibre fabrics and eco-technology fibre fabrics. Since 2013, Germany has put forward a national strategic project named & ldquo; future textile & rdquo; and futureTEX, which aims to make textile industry an innovative base based on new materials, energy saving, environmental protection, intelligent products, etc. The goal is to make new textile and fibre as the pioneer of industry 4.0 and become one of the most innovative and dynamic industries in Germany. In 2014, the European Union issued the “ HORIZON2020” plan to comprehensively lay out the high quality, specialization and technological innovation mechanism of fibre products, with the core of high performance, multi-function and intelligent fibers. In 2016, the United States established the Revolutionary National Innovation Agency for Fiber and Fabric Manufacturing (RFI-IMI), which is dedicated to the development of multi-material, multi-structure and multi-function intelligent fibers and fabrics. It also strengthens the military-to-civilian conversion of fiber materials and promotes the convergence and integration of textile fibers and multi-disciplinary and multi-field.
China's fibre industry follows closely the policy steps of "National Innovation Driven Development Strategy Outline", "Made in China 2025" and supply side structural reform, identifies high-quality development requirements, promotes the implementation of new material development strategy, promotes the innovation of basic new materials such as functional fibers, bio-based fibers, key new materials such as high-performance fibers, graphene modified fibers and other cutting-edge new materials. Development. The intersection and integration of fiber field and emerging science and technology has formed unprecedented multi-dimensional development space, presenting new development themes such as limit, pluralism, intelligence, green, integration, service and so on.
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2. Design of Intelligent Fiber
01. From the material point of view
Multicomponent is an effective way to construct smart fibers. New materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have special physical properties and excellent properties and become the main materials of smart fibers. Graphene is a two-dimensional flaky nano-material linked by carbon atoms in honeycomb shape. It has the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus, the fastest carrier mobility and the fastest heat transfer rate, so it has great potential for application. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), consisting of several layers to tens of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal arrangement, are one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inherit many excellent properties of CNTs.
02. From the structural point of view
Multi-structure is another effective way to construct smart fibers. Different cross-sectional shapes of fibers make the fibers have extra special properties, such as when they are made into triangles, pentagons and octagons, they can scatter the light from the surface of the fibers to the greatest extent, making the fabric look less dazzling and brighter. At the same time, hollow structure, gradient structure and skin-core structure will make the fiber more intelligent.
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3. Embryo of Intelligent Fiber
01. Conductive fibers
Graphene fibers were prepared continuously by wet spinning, and the conductivity of graphene fibers reached 104S/m. In addition, Zhu Meifeng of Donghua University coated polyphenylene sulfide fabric with graphene by surface engineering method to obtain conductive fabric, whose conductivity can be adjusted in the range of 10-2-101S/m, and conductive fabric has good flexibility, even under bending conditions, its conductivity is not affected. These conductive fibers and fabrics have broad application prospects in electronic textiles and wearable equipment.
02. Power Generation Fiber
Peng Huisheng's team at Fudan University prepared a carbon nanotube/titanium dioxide composite fiber and constructed a solar cell fiber with a conversion rate of 2.73%. Later, the team prepared a graphene/platinum nanoparticle composite fiber, which was used to construct solar cell fibers with a conversion rate of up to 8.45%, close to 12%. This practical conversion rate provides the possibility for solar power generation clothing.
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03. Energy storage fibers
At present, there are mainly supercapacitor fibers and lithium-ion battery fibers. For example, two graphene/manganese dioxide composite fibers are intertwined, and the electrolyte can be separated in the middle as a supercapacitor fiber, which can continuously light an LED lamp for up to 8 hours. For lithium-ion battery fiber, if carbon nanotube/lithium titanate fiber is used as the negative electrode and carbon nanotube/lithium manganate fiber as the positive electrode, the lithium-ion battery fiber can charge a mobile phone 2-3 times if it is woven into A4 paper-sized fabric.
04. Sensor fibers
Zhu Meifeng's research team of Donghua University has prepared a styrene/carbon nanotube composite fiber, which can accurately detect harmful gases such as ammonia, toluene, acetone and tetrahydrofuran. The fiber has the advantages of fast response (less than 40s), high sensitivity and reuse.
05. Actuating fibers
Wang Hongzhi's team at Donghua University obtained graphene/sodium polyacrylate composite fibers by wet spinning. The fibers have a strong sense of near infrared light and can rotate 20 times their weight under light. Quliangti team of Beijing University of Technology has prepared graphene fiber with asymmetric cross-section structure, which has good response to humidity. The fabric woven by this fiber can achieve different bending conditions in different humidity environments. With the periodic change of humidity, the periodic movement of the fabric can be realized. It is hopeful to realize a new robot driving mode.
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In a word, smart fibers are developing vigorously, but they are still in the primary stage. From fiber components, structure, preparation technology, equipment to final application fields, they will face major challenges and innovations. Intelligent fibers are not only related to material science, chemical fibers and textile industry, but also will integrate many disciplines such as mathematics, IT, electronics, medical, military, aerospace and other disciplines and industries.
In 1985, the automatic shoelace tied shoes appeared in the movies were not realized until 2016. When will the Iron Man Warrior gown appeared in the movies in 2008 be realized? This poses a new challenge to smart fibers.
