In 2019, it was difficult to employ workers in the industry, so the chemical fibre giants laid a "bl

Every year before the festival, in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta of China's manufacturing base, enterprises will experience a wave of seasonal labor shortage due to the reasons of workers returning home early for the New Year, choosing to return home for employment or job-hopping.



Compared with previous years, what new changes have taken place in the employment tension before the festival this year? The journalist conducted a visit and investigation.



Zhejiang: It's difficult to recruit workers. Machine "Sleep Big Sleep" workshop becomes warehouse < br />.


In Shaoxing, Zhejiang, a textile and garment processing plant, the person in charge told reporters that the order has been scheduled for May, and the Spring Festival is coming soon. In order not to delay delivery, workers have been organized to rush work recently. But in the next workshop, reporters found that only machines had no workers.



Zhu Li, director of a garment processing factory in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, said that 500 machines had been stopped because employees could not be recruited recently. Wages for employees are also around 5,000 to 8,000 yuan.



Because there are no jobs available, the machine can only "sleep well". It should have been a busy workshop, but it could only be turned into a dusty warehouse.



Zhuli, Director of a garment processing factory in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province: A little anxious, a little unfortunate, they have changed into warehouses, and the equipment is idle and useless. Workers are hard to recruit, especially younger ones.



In the Pearl River Delta, employees of some manufacturing enterprises can only take vacations after one year. Zhang Kesong, trainer of Shenzhen Great Wall Development Technology Co., Ltd., has two trainers, one year later and one year ago.



Lack of people can also ensure production by taking turns. The biggest headache for enterprises is that many workers do not come back after the Spring Festival.



Cao Shiliang, Director of Human Resources Department of Shenzhen Great Wall Development Technology Co., Ltd. said that after returning to the New Year, about 80% of the workers will be able to return. In order to retain workers, many enterprises can only rely on improving the treatment of workers. Fan Boyuan, chairman of Zhejiang Yashilin Smart Home Limited Company: Every year before the Spring Festival, employees are sent back by bus. After the Spring Festival, they go to their hometown to pick them up. Their monthly salary is between 6000 yuan and 7000 yuan.



Fan Boyuan told reporters that in the past five years, the cost of garment processing materials has increased by about 10%, but the increase of labor costs has reached 35%. Fan Boyuan began to expand the scale of intelligent manufacturing, hoping to solve the problem of shortage of workers through industrial upgrading, and enhance corporate profits.



In 2019, the employment problem of textile enterprises will become the most important issue in the industry < br />.


It is more difficult to recruit skilled workers than to employ them. Employment is an old-fashioned topic in textile market in recent years. It is also a key problem that has to be solved directly. In 2019, the employment of textile enterprises will become the most important issue in the industry.



1. Water-spraying productivity moved out, and workers returned in many places < br />.


In the past two years, the environmental protection of water-jet looms has made a large number of water-jet looms in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions stop production and eliminate, and some water-jet enterprises put into production in northern Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan and other places.



Nowadays, the transfer of aquatic production capacity has achieved initial results. Some enterprises in the central and western regions have developed rapidly, which has provided many jobs for local employees. These people do not need to go to other provinces and cities remotely, but work in their hometown nearby. Their wages and salaries will not be much lower, their consumption level is low, the expenses of lodging and returning home will be reduced, and parents and children will also be taken into account. To a large extent, the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions will also be reduced. Labor resources.



In addition, the relocation of water-spraying enterprises in Jiangsu and Zhejiang has also taken part of skilled workers to a certain extent.



Anhui weaving enterprise set up a factory in Anhui as early as 2011. The person in charge told me that when we first went to Anhui to set up a factory at that time, there were almost no people engaged in the weaving industry there. The workers in their factory were brought from the local area, packaged and wrapped up. In contrast, the treatment was better than that in the local area.



In recent years, under the background of environmental protection in water-jet industry, a large number of enterprises moved out and workers returned. In 2019, the employment of weaving enterprises became more and more tense.



2. Workers return home early and resume work late, which makes the employment problem more prominent around the Spring Festival < br />.


"Today's workers are not the same as they were 10 years ago. "In the past, when looking for a job, the most important concern for workers was how much they were paid," said the head of a coating factory. Today, when looking for a job, the first question for workers is whether they have a break. "Workers'attitudes have changed, so more and more factories have come across holidays in the past two years, and the Spring Festival holidays are taking longer and longer.



In the past, in order to win the lottery in factories, they resumed work on the eighth day of junior middle school. But now the workers resume work more and more late, and the normal start time of the factory is constantly delayed. Now the eighth day of the eighth day is the time for workers to report, and the normal production is usually about the fifteenth day of the first month. Employment is tight. For many textile bosses, employment after the Spring Festival of 19 years may be a big problem.



3. Layoff or machine replacement? A Difficult Choice Question in Textile Industry



According to experts'prediction, according to this trend, in the future, if workers' wages are more than 10,000 yuan, it will be possible to recruit workers to ensure the normal operation of workers.



Under such high labor costs in the future, on the one hand, the whole chain of our textile industry will change, raw materials will rise, management costs will rise, circulation costs will increase, and finally all of these will be paid by enterprises.Some enterprises also can not bear the heavy burden of layoffs. And our products also need to re-examine their pricing.



With the rising domestic labor costs and close to European wages, the former "demographic dividend" advantage of domestic textile enterprises has been gradually reduced, and the advantage of textile enterprises has been greatly weakened. According to reports, the International Association of Textile Manufacturers (ITMF) data show that between 2008 and 2016, the gap between Italian and Chinese yarn labor costs has narrowed by 30%, from $0.82 per kilogram to $0.57 per kilogram.



In the case of soaring labor costs, many textile enterprises began to gradually reduce the number of employees. On the other hand, in the face of rising human costs in the textile industry, young people are unwilling to engage in the plight of the textile industry. What can textile and chemical fiber enterprises do to alleviate this situation in the future? Where is the way out?



Textile and chemical fibre faucet under the blood capital, out of the new way of reducing staff and increasing efficiency < br />


In recent years, textile and chemical fibre enterprises have already realized this problem. In this regard, at all costs, Rongsheng, Shenghong, Hengli, Tongkun and other fibre giants have spared no effort to introduce the most advanced equipment in the world, trying to find a new way to reduce staff and increase efficiency in the context of the loss of dividends in labor costs.



1. Layout Intelligent Production Line



Under the changing environment of textile industry, the labor cost is getting higher and higher. Textile enterprises are transforming one after another, or building factories in low-cost areas, or reducing the number of employees and replacing them with machines.



It is one of the important goals of textile industry reform to strengthen the development of digital and intelligent textile equipment, promote the construction of intelligent workshop (production line), cultivate and develop large-scale personalized customization, promote the innovation of manufacturing mode and business mode, and form a new driving force of textile economic development.



Hengli, for example, is one of the earliest enterprises to explore intelligent manufacturing. The group plans to gradually change the development mode of enterprises from "population dividend" to "technology dividend" by means of "machine-for-man", "automatic machine-for-machine", "complete set-for-single" and "intelligent for-digital", so as to ensure the sustainable development of enterprises.



At present, the manual stacking of filament cake in filament production workshop of Jiangsu Hengke New Materials Co., Ltd. has been handed over to robots. More than a dozen robots swing their "arms" around 24 hours, turning rows of "silk pies" neatly and rapidly. Employees only need to face the screen in front of the machine to check the information, status and final quality of each spindle.



The relevant person in charge said that the fully automatic packaging production line introduced by the group in recent years has increased the efficiency by at least 60%. In addition, from 2013, Hengli Group began the transformation of intelligent factories. Over the past four years, most of the robots in the workshop have undergone redevelopment. An intelligent automatic packaging robot can top several workers.



In recent years, Sheng Hong Group has taken the initiative to adapt to the development trend of big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, and actively implemented the "Internet +" in manufacturing, creating automation, intelligence and intelligent chemical plants to promote the innovation and development of enterprises.



It is understood that the spinning workshop and elastic packaging workshop of Guowang Gaoke, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shenghong Group, have been fully automated, realizing the full-automatic packaging function of on-line, in-and-out storage, wrapping film, opening, packing, labeling, sealing, packing and stacking of silk locomotives.



Machine replacement and Internet of Things technology have saved Shenghong an average annual cost of 15 million yuan. A production line can save 127 workers, reduce the labor rate by 34%, reduce the failure rate by 55.9%, increase the per unit production by 29.8%, and increase the production capacity by 33%.



And building an unmanned workshop and realizing production intellectualization has become a major task of Rongsheng Group. It is understood that Rongsheng began to build intellectualization five years ago. Its "machine replacement" equipment has been installed since 2011, and has been basically installed and put into operation.



When the equipment is put into use, it can reduce about 40% of the labor force, and the corresponding workshop can even achieve "unmanned management". According to the current salary level, the annual labor cost can be saved by about 20 million yuan. In addition, "machine replacement" avoids the damage caused by manual handling and operation of products, and greatly improves the quality of products.



2. Developing Southeast Asian Market



In addition to intelligent development, in order to save labor costs, most textile enterprises also choose to build factories in Western China or Southeast Asia. According to the annual report of Lutai A22016, Lutai Vietnam's first phase yarn-dyed fabric project has been put into operation smoothly, and the finishing line and Luan ready-made clothing and shirt production line are being constructed in an orderly manner.



However, as more and more textile enterprises pour into Southeast Asia to build factories, wages in these areas also rise. According to media reports, in recent years, South-East Asia, Vietnam, Indonesia and other countries have increased their minimum wages every year, and 2017 is no exception. Among them, the minimum monthly wage of Vietnamese workers in some regions in 2017 has been raised from 3.5 million Vietnamese Dong in 2016 to 3.75 million Vietnamese dong, equivalent to about $165, an increase of 7%..14%.



According to industry analysis, even if wages in Southeast Asian countries are raised, they are still far behind China's wage level, and textile enterprises are still profitable to build factories abroad.



3. Reconstruction of Internet of Things factories



Open the mobile phone APP can see the energy consumption of the whole production process, without changing the main equipment, as long as the introduction of an Internet system, the overall production efficiency can be improved by 10%-hellip; & hellip; for a weaving enterprise, the transformation of the Internet of Things has realized some of the cloud management of production processes and energy-saving optimization of production process, and the intelligent factors drive the factory to be more flexible, intensive and efficient.



The construction of the factory Internet of Things, known as the advanced form of "machine replacement", is also an important means of "integration of industrialization and informatization". Now it has been accepted by more manufacturing enterprises from the original "unfamiliar vocabulary", and has become an effective way for enterprises to seek reductions, upgrading and efficiency.



The integration of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence of Hengyi high-tech materials makes the smart factory take shape. In artificial intelligence, the intelligent external inspection system of enterprises realizes the grade judgment of intelligent products and avoids the mixing of products of different grades. The defect detection rate of product appearance quality reaches 99.More than 9% guaranteed the quality and quantity of the products.



In the construction of the Internet of Things, this year, with the deep integration of the upper management system (ERP) and the lower control system (DCS), enterprises implemented the product quality traceability management system with single ingot data as the core, and realized the integration of production data and management data.



"Machine replacement" is the basis of building the factory Internet of Things and industrial Internet, and also an essential step in the process of building intelligent factories. Hengyi High-tech New Material D Workshop originally required 36 workers to produce packaging links. After using automatic packaging line, only 9 employees were needed, and the packaging efficiency was increased by 20%.



Overall, with the weakening of China's labor cost advantages and the continuous improvement of product quality, the above directions from chemical fibers to the entire textile industry are also inevitable trends.



At the same time, Chinese workers will also change their position and skills as the market changes. However, any change will inevitably have pains. How to deal with them properly and minimize them is the key to the successful completion of this revolution.