At 10 a.m. on December 18, the General Assembly to celebrate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up was solemnly held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The top leaders of the CPC Central Committee attended the conference and delivered important speeches. At the meeting, the list of persons who won the title of pioneer of reform was read out, and warm applause rang from the audience.
Among them, two entrepreneurs from the textile and apparel industry were listed. They are: Bu Xinsheng, the pioneer of urban collective enterprise reform, and Zeng Xianzi, a famous entrepreneur in Hong Kong who devotes himself to supporting the reform and opening up of the country.
Sun Ruizhe, president of China Textile Industry Federation, was invited to attend the conference to experience the solemnity, warmth, glory and pride of the scene.
A kind of
Looking back on the 40 years of reform and opening up, the top leaders made a high summary:
_One Kind of & ldquo; Great Spirit & rdquo;: Spirit of Reform and Opening-up
The great spirit of reform and opening-up forged by reform and opening-up has greatly enriched the connotation of national spirit and become the most distinctive spiritual symbol of the contemporary Chinese people.
Three times & ldquo; Great leap & rdquo;
Over the past 40 years, the reform and opening-up has greatly changed the face of China, the Chinese nation, the Chinese people and the Communist Party of China.
The Chinese nation ushered in a great leap from standing up, getting rich to becoming strong!
Socialism with Chinese characteristics ushered in a great leap from creation, development to perfection.
The Chinese people ushered in a great leap from inadequate food and clothing to well-off and affluent!
_3 big & ldquo; milestone & rdquo;
The establishment of the Communist Party of China, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the promotion of reform and opening-up and the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics are three major historical events in China since the May 4th Movement and three major milestones for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in modern times.
_10 & ldquo; Always & rdquo; Looking back on the 40-year reform process
For 40 years, we
Always adhere to emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and pragmatism
Always adhere to the economic construction as the center
Always adhere to the road of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics
Persist in Developing Advanced Socialist Culture
Always insist on safeguarding and improving people's livelihood in development
Always persist in protecting the environment and saving resources
Always uphold the Party's absolute leadership over the army
Always insist on promoting the great cause of peaceful reunification of the motherland
Always adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace
Always insist on strengthening and improving the leadership of the Party
_3 items & ldquo; sufficient proof & rdquo;
Forty years of practice have fully proved that,
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the road, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics that our Party has united and led the people of all nationalities throughout the country are completely correct, and the basic theory, line and strategy of the Party formed are completely correct.
China's development has provided successful experience and bright prospects for the modernization of developing countries. It is a powerful force to promote world peace and development and a major contribution of the Chinese nation to the progress of human civilization.
Reform and opening-up is an important magic weapon for the Party and the people to catch up with the times. It is the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is also the key to determine the destiny of contemporary China and the realization of ldquo; two hundred years rdquo; the goal of struggle and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
_2 & ldquo; key tactic & rdquo;
40 years'practice has fully proved that reform and opening-up is an important magic weapon for the Party and the people to make great strides to catch up with the times, the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, the key to determine the destiny of contemporary China, and also the key to realize the goals of struggle and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
_9 Da & ldquo; Enlightenment & rdquo;
The practice of reform and opening up for 40 years enlightens us:
The leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.
To seek happiness for the Chinese people and revival of the Chinese nation is the initial intention and mission of the Communist Party of China, as well as the initiative and mission of reform and opening up.
Innovation is the life of reform and opening up. Practice and development will never end, and emancipation of the mind will never end.
Direction decides the future, and road decides fate. If we want to control our destiny in our own hands, we must have the determination to remain unchanged and the Tao to remain unchanged.
Institution is a fundamental, overall, stable and long-term issue concerning the development of the cause of the Party and the state.
Liberating and developing social productive forces and enhancing the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries are the essential requirements and fundamental tasks of socialism.
Openness brings progress and closure inevitably lags behind. China's development is inseparable from the world, and the prosperity of the world also needs China.
It takes a good blacksmith to make good steel. The key to China's success lies in the Party, which insists that the Party should govern the Party in an all-round and strict manner.
As a big country, China must not make subversive mistakes on fundamental issues.
9 precious & ldquo; experience & rdquo;
In view of the nine Enlightenments of the 40 years of reform and opening-up, Xi Jinping proposed that the following nine persistences should be achieved:
We must adhere to the Party's leadership over all work and constantly strengthen and improve the Party's leadership.
We must persist in taking the people as the center and constantly realize the people's yearning for a better life.
We must adhere to the guiding position of Marxism and constantly promote theoretical innovation based on practice.
We must adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics and constantly adhere to and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics.
We must insist on perfecting and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristicsWe should constantly give full play to and enhance our institutional advantages.
We must persist in taking development as the first priority and constantly strengthen our comprehensive national strength.
We must persist in opening up and constantly promote the co-construction of a community of human destiny.
We must adhere to the strict management of the Party in an all-round way and constantly improve its creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness.
We must adhere to dialectical materialism and historical materialism worldview and methodology and correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability.
Looking back on the 40 years of reform and opening up, it is the 40 years that the textile industry has risen to the forefront and dared to be a pioneer; the 40 years that the textile industry has broken its wrist and revolutionized itself; the 40 years that the textile industry has seized the opportunity and made innovations; and the 40 years that the textile industry has made rapid progress and made brilliant achievements. The following set of data from the Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation, illustrates this point.
Development Achievements of Textile Industry in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up
From 1978 to 2018, after 40 years of development, China has become the largest textile producer, consumer and exporter in the world. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the manufacturing capacity of China's textile industry has been improved by leaps and bounds, the industrial system has been improved day by day, the vitality of enterprises has been stimulated and integrated into the tide of globalization in an all-round way. In the past 40 years, the textile industry has maintained a steady and healthy development track, and its status as a pillar industry in China has not been shaken. It has become the core force to support the smooth operation of the world textile industry system and an important industrial platform to promote global economic and cultural coordination and cooperation.
Leap-forward Improvement of Manufacturing Capability
Over the past 40 years, the textile industry has undergone a process of great liberation and development of productive forces, and its processing and manufacturing capabilities have achieved considerable development. In 1978, the total amount of fibre processing in China was 2.76 million tons, accounting for less than 10% of the world's total. In 1982, China's fiber processing capacity stepped up to 4 million tons, with cotton cloth output reaching 15.35 billion meters, an increase of 39.2% over 1978, which has been able to better meet the basic needs of the people of the whole country for clothing and quilts. In 1983, the abolition of the limited supply of cotton cloth formally became an important milestone in the development history of China's textile industry, declaring the formal end of the era of shortage economy. In 1996, China's fibre processing capacity increased to 10.9 million tons, breaking through the 10 million ton level for the first time, accounting for 22% of the world's total, and achieving the same proportion of textile processing capacity as the total population in the world. In 2010, China's fiber processing volume exceeded 40 million tons, reaching 41.3 million tons, accounting for 50% of the global share. In 2017, China's fiber processing capacity has reached 54.3 million tons, nearly 20 times that of 1978, and the output of yarn, cloth and chemical fibers is 17, 8 and 173 times that of 1978, respectively. China has become the world's largest textile country, which not only effectively meets the demand for fibre consumption, which accounts for one fifth of the world's population and nearly one third of the world's total, but also provides more than 20 million tons of high-quality fibre products for other countries.
Data Source: Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation
Industrial system is improving day by day
With the expansion of manufacturing scale, China's textile industry chain continues to expand and gradually forms the most perfect modern textile manufacturing industry system in the world. The manufacturing capacity and level of each link of the industrial chain rank in the forefront of the world.
At the beginning of reform and opening-up, cotton textile and printing and dyeing were the main parts of China's textile industry. In 1978, the total output value of cotton textile and printing and dyeing industries reached 46.3% and 20.7%, respectively, while that of knitting, silk, chemical fiber and wool textile industries accounted for 8.7%, 7.6%, 6% and 5.7%, respectively. Cotton accounted for 81% of the fiber processing volume and chemical fiber accounted for only 15%. In 1980, the proportion of fiber consumption in clothing, home textile and industrial terminal industries was 84:11:5. In 1984, the textile industry formally proposed to focus on the development of clothing, decorative textiles, industrial textiles - ldquo; three pillars - rdquo; products, vigorously develop intensive processing products. Since the beginning of the new century, the chemical fibre industry has developed vigorously, and its output has increased from 6 million tons to nearly 50 million tons, providing adequate raw material guarantee for the textile industry to meet domestic demand and move towards the international market. The two categories of household and industrial use have made rapid progress, and the ability to meet the consumption and industrial demand has been improved in an all-round way. In 2007, the proportion of fiber consumption in the three terminal industries has been adjusted to 52:33:15, with the proportion of home textile reaching a historical high point. Industrial textiles are still on the rise. In 2017, cotton accounted for only 13.9% of China's total fiber processing, while chemical fibers accounted for 83.5%. The proportion of fiber consumption of the three end products was adjusted to 45.5:27.6:26.9. The advantages of modern textile industry system with complete categories, rich varieties, excellent quality and optimized structure were fully demonstrated.
Data Source: Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation
Stimulating the Vitality of Enterprise Subject
Textile industry is the pioneer and firm practitioner of market-oriented reform. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's socialist market economy system has gradually been established and gradually improved, becoming the most important source of vitality in the textile industry. Before the reform and opening up, the textile industry was in the mode of planned economy management, and the main products were purchased and sold by the government. In 1984, the state began to reduce the number of mandatory planned products. In 1985, the state gradually liberalized self-employed exports. Due to the full start of economic system reform, the mid-1980s has become an important landmark stage for the leapfrog development of textile industry.
The capital structure of textile enterprises has gradually changed, and diversified capital has burst into vitality in the industry, reflecting the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources. In 1978, the total output value of textile industry was 93.2% came from enterprises owned by the whole people. In the mid and late 1980s, township enterprises flourished and became a powerful force for textile industry to meet domestic demand and promote rural economic development. In the 1990s, when the reform of state-owned textile enterprises began, state-owned enterprises began to change their management mechanism, establish the present enterprise system and become the main body of market competition, encourage the development of various economic components, and stimulate the vitality of non-state-owned economy. In 1996, state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and three-capital enterprises accounted for 29.6%, 44.8% and 25.4% of the total industrial output value of the textile industry respectively, basically forming a three-part world pattern. In the mid and late 1990s, 10 million cotton spinning spindles became an important turning point for the textile industry to seek new development based on market orientation. The retreat of the country and the advancement of the people further released the vitality of the industry. In 2000, state-owned enterprises still accounted for 28.7% of the total output value of the textile industry. By 2015, the proportion of state-owned holding enterprises in the main business income of the whole industry was only 2.3%, the proportion of three-capital enterprises was reduced to 16.2%, and the proportion of private enterprises was as high as 76.5%.
Full integration into globalization
Reform and opening-up have opened the door to the world for the textile industry. The industry actively conforms to and utilizes the opportunities of economic globalization, promotes the free flow of domestic and foreign factors, deepens market integration, and improves the efficiency of resource allocation.
In 1978, China's textile and apparel export volume was only 2.15 billion US dollars. After the reform and opening up, & ldquo; & rdquo; & rdquo; & export-oriented economic development officially pushed the textile industry to the international market. Since 1985, the country has gradually liberalized its self-employed exports, and the foreign trade in textiles and clothing has entered a rapid development cycle. In 1994, China's textile and apparel exports reached 35.55 billion US dollars, accounting for 8.6% of the world's total, ranking first in the world. China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001 and the overall liberalization of global textile and clothing trade in 2005 have become a major historical opportunity for China's textile industry to fully release its competitiveness. In 2000, China accounted for 14.6% of the global textile and apparel export trade, and by 2008, it had increased to 26.1%. In 2017, China's textile and apparel exports reached 267.39 billion US dollars, 115 times as much as in 1978, accounting for 36.8% of the world's total.
Data Source: Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation
While developing foreign trade, China's textile industry actively utilizes foreign resources such as raw materials, capital, technology and talents to draw on the strengths of others and make up for its weaknesses. In 1978, the textile industry imported US$1.12 billion in foreign exchange. By the peak of 2011, China's textile industry imported 73.75 billion US dollars in raw materials, equipment, dye additives, etc., 66 times as much as in 1978. With the enhancement of self-supporting ability and the improvement of private capital competitiveness, the pace of utilizing international resources in textile industry has been further increased. Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, China's key textile enterprises have actively constructed transnational industrial chain and value chain system by establishing raw material bases, processing factories, brands and channels, R&D centers overseas through green space investment and capital operation. According to incomplete statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, by the end of 2016, there were 1082 overseas investment enterprises in the textile industry, with an investment stock of 6.86 billion US dollars, and business income of 7.3 billion US dollars in 2016.
To meet the people's needs for a better life
Since the reform and opening up, the textile industry has been constantly improving and developing, which has made great changes in people's clothing. It is not only a major development achievement of the textile industry, but also the most intuitive manifestation of China's economic and social development.
At the beginning of the reform and opening up, the textile industry is still at the stage of trying to meet the needs of the whole nation for clothing, covering and clothing. The level of clothing consumption is still low, and the variety of raw materials, clothing style and color are relatively monotonous. In 1978, China's per capita fiber consumption was only 2.9 kg, 38% of the world average. In 1990, when China basically solved the problem of people's food and clothing, the per capita consumption of fiber increased to 4 kg; in 2000, when the country entered a well-off society as a whole, it reached 7.5 kg, which was 46.5% and 80% of the world's average at that time. Since the new century, the rapid development of China's national economy has led to a sustained increase in income of urban and rural residents, and the development of domestic demand market has entered the golden cycle, providing a strong driving force for the development of textile industry. In 2005, China's per capita fiber consumption reached 13 kg, exceeding the world average of 11.1 kg in that year. In 2008, China's per capita fiber consumption exceeded 15 kilograms, exceeding 20 kilograms in 2015. Among them, the consumption of industrial fibers increased substantially, and the quantity and structure of China's fiber consumption gradually approached the level of moderately developed countries. In 2016, the per capita clothing consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents in China reached 1739 yuan and 575.4 yuan, respectively, 16.7 times and 17.4 times higher than in 1985. With China's rush towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the people's demand for a better life is increasing day by day. Functionality, fashion and ecology replace the simple demand of good quality and low price, and become the new trend of domestic demand upgrading, science and technology, fashion and green. It has also become a brand-new self-positioning of textile industry in line with the market demand situation.
Data Source: Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation
To shoulder the heavy responsibility of employment and enrichment of the people
Textile industry is an important livelihood sector, which not only creates a large number of jobs and provides a rich salary income, but also directly benefits the development of & ldquo; agriculture, countryside and farmers & rdquo;. It has played an important role in prospering the economy and helping the poor and rich people.
In 1978, the number of textile industry employees was 3212,000, accounting for 10% of the national industrial enterprises.6%; the total wages paid to employees in that year were 2.1 billion yuan. With the expansion of scale and the rise of private economy, the ability of the textile industry to absorb employment has been rapidly improved. In 1990, the number of employees in the whole industry reached 12.43 million, an increase of 2.9 times over 1978; in 2005, the number of employees in the whole industry reached 19.6 million, an increase of 51 times over 1978, and the total salary reached about 260 billion yuan, an increase of 123 times over 1978. At present, the employment population of the whole industry exceeds 20 million, and the proportion of Enterprises above the scale of employment in industries above the national scale remains about 10%.
Data Source: Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation
Bringing the Pillar Industry into Full Play
Textile industry has established its position as a pillar industry since the founding of New China. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's economic development level has been continuously improved, industrial structure has been continuously optimized, and it has maintained a stable and healthy development track. Its position as a pillar industry in the national economic system has not been shaken.
In 1978, the textile industry realized 47.32 billion yuan of total industrial output (constant price), accounting for 12.5% of the national industry; the total interest and tax amount was 10.96 billion yuan, accounting for 12% of the national industry; the export amount was 2.15 billion yuan, accounting for 22.1% of the country; in that year, the national trade deficit in goods was 1.13 billion US dollars, and the net foreign exchange earned by the textile industry after deducting imports was 1.03 billion US dollars. Since the reform and opening up, the contribution of textile industry to the national economy has been enhanced. In 1985 and 1990, the total output value of textile industry accounted for 17.9% and 16.2% of the national industry respectively, and the total export value accounted for 20.2% and 20.1% of the national industry. In 1992, China's trade in goods reversed 13 consecutive years of sustained deficit, achieving a surplus of $4.39 billion, and the textile industry contributed a trade surplus of $18.24 billion that year; until 2012, the trade surplus of the textile industry was larger than the total national trade surplus in goods. In the 21st century, the textile industry has seized the favorable opportunity for the rapid development of China's national economy and full integration into globalization, and entered the golden stage of development. From 2002 to 2008, the main business income of Enterprises above the scale increased by 21.7% annually, and the total profit and tax increased by 25.1% annually. In recent years, with the change of international environment and the new normal development of our country, the industrial economy has experienced great fluctuations, and the textile industry has maintained a steady development trend. In 2017, the main business income of textile enterprises above the scale reached 6893.56 billion yuan, accounting for 5.9% of the national industries above the scale; the net foreign exchange earned by the whole industry reached 241.9 billion US dollars, accounting for 57.9 billion of the whole country..3%.
Data Source: Institute of Industrial Economics, China Textile Industry Federation
